1.什么是透明代理? 如果你问:我如何才能使得用户的浏览器不需要任何代理设置就能使用我的Squid cache代理服务器上网?此时你就需要使用透明代理。透明代理让你的客户端不需设置任何代理,当包经过透时代理服务器时实际上被重定向到squid代理服务器的代理端口(如8080),即由本地代理服务器向外请求所需数据然后拷贝给客户端。 2.我需要什么样的环境才能实现透明代理? a.客户端的windows PC的网关必须设成Squid代理服务器,因为既然你的browser中没有任何代理设置,你要访问某个站点时,包必须经经过squid代理服务器才能被重定向,故这是最基本的条件。 b.客户端必须正确设置DNS服务器。因为既然现在不用设置任何代理。则DNS必须由browser来解析,也就是要由客户端的PC中TCP/ip中设置的DNS服务器来正确解析出某个站点的IP地址来。 c.服务器端可以安装squid代理服务器,1.x or 2.x版本均可。 3.配置Squid代理,启动透明代理功能 Squid-2 加下面的行到你的/etc/squid/squid.conf中 http_port 8080 httpd_accel_host virtual httpd_accel_port 80 httpd_accel_with_PRoxy on httpd_accel_uses_host_header on Squid-1.1 加下面的行到/etc/squid.conf http_port 8080 httpd_accel virtual 80 httpd_accel_with_proxy on httpd_accel_uses_host_header on
4. 重启动squid. 用下面的命令: #/usr/sbin/squid -k reconfigure 如提示内核不支持透明代理。则你需要重新编译内核,enable 透明代理的支持。 下面是你需要启动的内核项目: [*] Network firewalls [ ] Socket Filtering [*] Unix domain sockets [*] TCP/IP networking [ ] IP: multicasting [ ] IP: advanced router [ ] IP: kernel level autoconfiguration [*] IP: firewalling [ ] IP: firewall packet netlink device [*] IP: always defragment (required for masquerading) [*] IP: transparent proxy support 5. 下面的命令针对linux 2.2.x内核:
# Accept all on lookback /sbin/ipchains -A input -j ACCEPT -i lo #Accept my own IP, to prevent loops (repeat for each interface/alias) /sbin/ipchains -A input -j ACCEPT -p tcp -d 192.168.11.1/32 80 #Send all traffic destined to port 80 to Squid on port 80 /sbin/ipchains -A input -j REDIRECT 8080 -p tcp -s 192.168.11.0/24 -d 0/0 80 下面的命令针对Linux 2.0.x内核:
# Accept all on loopback ipfwadm -I -a accept -W lo # Accept my own IP, to prevent loops (repeat for each interface/alias) ipfwadm -I -a accept -P tcp -D 192.168.11.1/32 80 # Send all traffic destined to port 80 to Squid on port 3128 ipfwadm -I -a accept -P tcp -S 192.168.11.0/24 -D 0/0 80 -r 8080 6.应注意的问题: a. 这种透明代理只能针对http协议,不能针对FTP协议 b. PC的默认网关应设成squid 代理服务器 c. 防火墙重定向规则在其它的input规则的前面,注意顺序。 如: /etc/rc.d/rc.firewall: #!/bin/sh # rc.firewall Linux kernel firewalling rules FW=/sbin/ipfwadm
# Flush rules, for testing purposes for i in I O F # A # If we enabled accounting too do ${FW} -$i -f done # Default policies: ${FW} -I -p rej # Incoming policy: reject (quick error) ${FW} -O -p acc # Output policy: accept ${FW} -F -p den # Forwarding policy: deny # Input Rules: # Loopback-interface (local access, eg, to local nameserver): ${FW} -I -a acc -S localhost/32 -D localhost/32
# Local Ethernet-interface: # Redirect to Squid proxy server: ${FW} -I -a acc -P tcp -D default/0 80 -r 8080 # Accept packets from local network: ${FW} -I -a acc -P all -S localnet/8 -D default/0 -W eth0 # Only required for other types of traffic (FTP, Telnet): # Forward localnet with masquerading (udp and tcp, no icmp!): ${FW} -F -a m -P tcp -S localnet/8 -D default/0 ${FW} -F -a m -P udp -S localnet/8 -D default/0 Here all traffic from the local LAN with any destination gets redirected to the local port 8080. Rules can be viewed like this: IP firewall input rules, default policy: reject type prot source destination ports acc all 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 n/a acc/r tcp 10.0.0.0/8 0.0.0.0/0 * -> 80 => 8080 acc all 10.0.0.0/8 0.0.0.0/0 n/a acc tcp 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 * -> *
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