linux可以使用 Samba 套件提供 SMB 服务 (例如. WfW, Win95，及 NT型态的网路档案及列印分享)。 这一节会描述如何组态分享，以及如何从客户端存取这些服务。 Samba 套件包含在 Red Hat 发行版中，您可以检查是否安装以及其版本，键入: rpm -q samba 如果尚未安装，您需要使用 RPM 公用程式安装它。 查看 第10章，使用 Red Hat 套件管理程式 (RPM) 一节 有关如何做的细节。 这些 Samba 档中您应该关心的最重要部分是: /etc/smb.conf Samba 组态档是分享及其他组态参数的设定 (查看下面) /var/log/samba/ 放 Samba log 档的地方 /home/samba/ 建议应该设定的档案分享位置。 然而， 您应该选择一个符合足够您存放档案空间的地方。个人来说， 我常设定一个大的 partition 挂载在 /archive/ 下并且放我的分享档案。 ``/etc/smb.conf'' 档包含了档案及列印分享的组态资讯。档案的开头几行包含了整体的组态方针，所 有的分享都相同 (除非他们超越了每一个独立分享的基础)，其馀的是分享部分。 Samba 安装包括了一个预设的 smb.conf 档，可以满足您大多数的需求，且只需作稍微的修改。 这是这个档的 一些例 (我会大幅地自订它给您看看更多重要及有趣的部分): # Items common to all shares (unless over-ridden on a per-share basis) [global] # Number of minutes of inactivity before client is disconnected # to avoid consuming resources. Most clients will automatically # reconnect so this is a good idea to enable. dead time = 10 # Don't let users connect as “root”, just-in-case. :-) invalid users = root # Specify the account for guest shares (shares that don't require # a passWord to connect to. This username must be a valid user # in the /etc/passwd file. guest account = guest # Specify where log files should be written to. The “%m” suffix # means that log files will be created in the format # log.machine-name (eg. “log.twixel”) log file = /usr/local/samba/logs/log.%m # Maximum size of log file, in Kilobytes. max log size = 1000 # Password level 3 means that case is not an issue when entering # passwords. A little less secure than level 1 or 2 would be, # but seems to be a fair comPRomise for user convenience. password level = 3 # Specify that all shares should appear in the browse list # (override any you don't want on a per-share basis). browseable = yes # If this is enabled, you can see active connections using the # “smbstatus” command. status = yes # The level of debugging information that is recorded in the log # files. Higher values generate more information (which is # probably not very useful, most of the time). debug level = 2 # This will send any Windows-style “POPUP” messages received on # the server to the postmaster by e-mail. Not very useful, but # an interesting demonstration of what can be accomplished. message command = /bin/mail -s 'Message from %f on %m' postmaster < %s; rm %s & # This is a form of caching that, when enabled, may improve # performance when reading files. read prediction = true # A list of services that should be added automatically to the # browse-list. auto services = cdrom # The location of your “printcap” file, a text file containing # definitions for your printers. printcap name = /etc/printcap # If enabled all printers in the /etc/printcap file will be # loaded into the browse-list. load printers = yes # The print command by which data is spooled to a printer under Linux. print command = lpr -r -P%p %s # The print command by which job queue information (printer status) # can be obtained. lpq command = lpq -P%p # The print command by which unwanted print jobs can be deleted # from the queue. lprm command = lprm -P%p %j # The level at which Samba advertises itself for browse elections. # Currently set to a high value to give it an even “foot-hold” with # any swarmy NT servers on the network. :-) os level = 34 # These are user's personal shares. If the client's username matches on the # server, they can access their home directory (provided they enter the # correct password). [homes] # The comments appear in the browse list. comment = Home Directories # This matches the username of the client to that of the share. # If they do not match, no share will be displayed in the browse # list, or available to connect to. user = %S # The path to the share. For example, “smithj” would map to # “/home/smithj” path = /home/%S # If enabled, allow read/write access to the shares. writeable = yes # Just an inverted synonym for “writeable”. We don't *really* need # to use both. :-) read only = no # Keep this disabled so that a password is required to access these # shares. public = no # We don't want this share (after all, it is private) to appear in # the browse-list of other users. browseable = no # This is a publicly available print share, called “hp_laser”. It appears # on the browse lists and can be accessed without a password by any client. [hp_laser] # The comment that appears in the browse-list. comment = Main office printer (HP Laserjet 400) # The username that this share is accessed as (guest means all users). user = guest # All generated print files will first be created in the /tmp # directory. path = /tmp # Do not allow file creation except through print spooling. writeable = no # Set permissions accordingly -- root access to print jobs only. create mode = 0700 # If this is enabled a password is not required to access the share. public = yes # This should be enabled to indicate that this is a printer share. printable = yes # Here is a service providing access to the CD-ROM device. [cdrom] comment = Shared CD-ROM drive on Linux user = guest path = /cdrom writeable = no read only = true browseable = yes public = yes guest ok = yes 小技巧: 最近的 Samba 版本， 从 2.0 以後，提供了一个非常灵活以网页为基础的组态公用程式叫做``swat''， 可以使得组态过程更为友善。这个公用程式倾听伺服器上的 TCP port 901 ，所以要使用的话必须将您的浏览器 指向下面的位址: mydomain.name:901 (当然如果要使用 SWAT 的话您需要让网页伺服器执行，像是 Apache。 查看 第7章，网页伺服器及 HTTP 快取代理 主机管理 一节 有关细节。) 最新版的 Samba 和 2.0 版之前的相比增加了很多功能。 升级到这个版本是值得的。 客户端必须有 TCP/ip network stack 以连接分享。更进一步，为了浏览工作，TCP/IP 协定必须 bound 到 NETBEUI。在 Windows 95 可以由控制台中的``网路''进行组态。 假设客端已经正常地组态好， 您应该可以看到伺服端的分享出现在“网路上的芳邻” (或如果您不是使用 Windows 95/NT的相等的方案)。您可以从网路上的芳邻对映到网路磁碟，或键入到分享的绝对路径 (例如. “\\mail\cdrom”)。 如果分享服务需要键入密码，您会被提示。 更多有关 Samba的资料可以在 Samba Home Page http://samba.anu.edu.au/samba/中找到。 |
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