在7月27日,欧盟宣布对中国的太阳能电池板征收关税,之后此事件慢慢缓和下来。在7月29日,欧盟贸易专员Karel de Gucht 表示,已经有与中国达成的“友好”协议、该协议具有“针对性和创新性”,并在本周大幅上调关税。但他也承认,批评人士可能会说欧盟已经向中国投降了。则会包括许多方面。 为在Karel de Gucht的声明中,其称,必须解决与中国的阳能电池板部署问题,目的是减少二氧化碳排放。中国的太阳能面板现在占欧洲80市场。比在国内采购或其他地方,它们是更有竞争力的。欧盟已经设法把解决这样的威胁。这是不合逻辑的。出于这个原因,Karel de Gucht希望在谈判中解决他说提到的这个问题。在过去的几个月里,双方达成一致意见。 太阳能电池板案例阐释了欧盟的弱点,尤其是面对中国时。而贸易专员试图保持坚定立场面对中国的威胁,并计划征收46进口税,德国总理在会见了中国总理李克强时,对此提出批评。这让欧盟感到,征收税将导致中国的政治敏感。这是一项很难做出的决定。 为此,欧盟给中国“面子”。一个简单的事实是在2005年,中国和欧盟在纺织品贸易争端中,中国已经成功地实现了它的想法。是欧盟选择错误,还是永久注定失败,尤其是当它试图在贸易问题上与中国谈判的时候。 随着市场、经济增长率和供应链的紧密联系,欧盟和中国直之间的贸易共同构成了全球三分之一的GDP,这是双方喜欢的事情。现实情况是,中欧贸易的关系在恶化,这是一个不争的事实。 中欧贸易磋商绕不开光伏 欧盟被指对华“投降” “未来几天或几周,欧中将就贸易争端找到友好的解决办法。”21日做这番乐观表态的是欧盟贸易委员德古赫特,他当天在北京出席第27届中欧经贸混委会会议。此前德古赫特一直在对中国光伏产品征税上态度强硬。“德国之声”称,此次会谈是“贸易战前的谈判”。 欧洲一些强硬的声音认为,德古赫特目前的表现意味着欧盟对华“投降”;更多人则担心,光伏摩擦这座“挡在欧中贸易关系面前的大山”可能会殃及其他贸易。英国《金融时报》称,外界对会谈的期许也只是改善欧中关系的氛围。 欧盟贸易委员德古赫特21日在北京与中国商务部部长高虎城共同出席第27届中欧经贸混委会会议,磋商筹备双边投资协定谈判。同一天,德古赫特还与国务院副总理马凯会晤。经贸混委会是欧中年度部长级经贸对话机制。 与德古赫特同时出席记者发布会的高虎城表示,中欧双方都有意愿通过讨论来解决光伏产品摩擦问题。德古赫特表示,布鲁塞尔希望尽快与北京就欧中之间的贸易争端找到解决办法。 作为欧盟贸易委员的德古赫特说,“欧盟只有一个愿望,即尽快找到可以消除对我们市场造成伤害的磋商解决方案”。他表示:“欧盟期望尽快找到一个友好的解决方案”。 法新社21日引述欧盟贸易发言人克兰西早前的声明说,德古赫特和高虎城会谈的正式议程中并不包括光伏产品,但两人必然会谈及这一问题。德古赫特在记者会上也做了如此表述,称“这种问题不会在一夜之间得到解决”。德古赫特认为,解决方案的基本框架已经搭建好,但多个技术委员会仍在讨论具体细节。 英国广播公司称,根据欧盟此前的初裁,欧盟将从本月起对进口的中国光伏产品征收11.8临时反倾销税。除了光伏产品外,欧盟和中国还在其他产品的进出口问题上发生争执,从钢管到葡萄酒都有,令人担心欧盟与中国之间的贸易战“一触即发”。 “一个合适的解决方案必须尽快落实。”德国《商报》21日以“纠纷仍阴云密布”为题称,中国和欧盟又坐在一起,协商太阳能产品争端。不过,似乎离达成协议还很远,细节也不清晰。德古赫特和他的中国同行以微笑面对记者。 这种礼貌似乎预示着无奈和复杂。中国和欧盟希望改变,但商业和外交仍处于冰河期。“太阳能产品争端无突破!”德国电视1台以此为题说,太阳能争端仍是中欧贸易的一座大山,甚至其他领域的贸易都会遭殃。德国新闻电视台称,欧盟和中国都已经感受到太阳能战争带来的危害。欧盟想寻求“和平解决方案”,但不愿竭尽全力。 法国《观点报》文章称,德国和其他几个重要欧盟国家不愿和中国在商业领域正面对抗,这将迫使德古赫特和欧盟采取更妥协的立场,德古赫特此次抵达北京后的姿态也暗示了这一点。德国《时代周报》称,欧盟贸易委员在高压力下正与中国协商,以便达成协议,“我们听到了什么,欧盟处于投降边缘”。 比利时“倾向网”评论称,中国商务部发言人沈丹阳的讲话耐人寻味,他称“会谈将认真探讨中欧双边经贸关系过去一年间究竟发生了什么问题,并讨论如何解决这些问题”,这表明中方可能不会仅仅在光伏产品问题上和欧盟纠缠,而会着眼于更高层面的机制性问题讨论,以避免中欧间不断爆发类似“双反”贸易纠纷。 比利时《争鸣报》报道称,德古赫特和克兰西小心翼翼避免多谈中国拟向欧洲葡萄酒征收反倾销税的问题,仅称“中欧应共同着手解决既有问题,而非制造新问题”。 欧盟贸易委员德古赫特 在英国《金融时报》21日的文章看来,外界其实早前就不指望德古赫特同高虎城的本次见面能产生什么即刻的成果,但希望有助于改善中欧之间的关系气氛。 中国光伏企业英利集团宣传部经理王志新21日表示,我们看到政府企业和协会都在共同努力,我们也希望能取得一个圆满解决。但就目前的表态还不能判断事情的结果,我们还在等待。 原文: Why Europe Won’t Get Tough On China The European Union (EU) announcement on the July 27th that the imposition of tariffs on solar panels from Chinese manufacturers was not going ahead was widely interpreted as a climb down. In his formal statement released on 29thJuly, EU Trade Commissioner Karel de Gucht stated that the deal reached with the Chinese was “amicable,” “targeted and innovative,” and that the threatened steep rise in tariffs this week was off. But he also recognized that critics might say the EU had capitulated. In many ways, it had. The clue to why this dispute had to be resolved with the Chinese was contained in de Grucht’s statement that “solar panel deployment is important to Europe’s ambition to reduce CO2 emissions.” Chinese panels now make up 80 percent of those used in Europe. They are way more competitive than those sourced domestically or elsewhere. The EU had managed to put itself in a position of threatening to cut off voluntarily its own best supply source. This was illogical. For this reason, De Grucht, despite the false words of resolve he uttered during negotiations on this issue over the last few months, has always been struck between and rock and hard place. The solar panel case illustrates the great weakness of the EU when it tries to speak to China. While the trade commissioner was trying to maintain a firm position towards the Chinese on his threat to impose a huge hike of up to 46 percent on imports, the German Chancellor criticized this approach when she met with Chinese Premier Li Keqiang in May. Once the leader of the most powerful nation in the EU had spoken, de Grucht was politically exposed. The trend lines were already set towards a resolution, come what may. The EU has been given “face” saving offer by a merciful China, who at least had the grace not to cheer too loudly about what was clear victory. The simple fact is that both in the 2005 trade dispute over textiles, and now this one, China has managed to achieve what it wanted. Is the EU simply choosing the wrong cases to get tough on, or is it permanently doomed to fail in the moments when it tries to negotiate on trade issues with China? With markets, growth rates and supply chains so closely linked with each other, the EU and China, which together constitute more than a third of global GDP, can talk about trade wars as much as they like. The reality is that a EU-China trade would be an economic version of mutually assured destruction, and therefore will not come to pass. |
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